Welding inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana, akadai sekuvaka, kugadzira, uye kugadzirisa mota.Nepo welding inyanzvi yakakosha, inosanganisirawo njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakakomba kana matanho ekuchengetedza akasateedzerwa.Gwaro remutangi uyu rine chinangwa chekupa ruzivo rwakakwana nezvekuchengetedzwa kwewelding, kusanganisira zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo (PPE), maitiro akachengeteka ebasa, uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kuti uzive.
Sei Kuchengeteka Kwakakosha Mukugadzira Welding?
Kuchengeteka kwakakosha zvakanyanya mukushikisa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati:
Personal Protection:
Welding inosanganisira njodzi dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya, pfarivari, uye utsi hunokuvadza.Matanho ekuchengetedza, sekupfeka akakodzera ekuzvidzivirira ega (PPE), shuwa kuti mawelder adzivirirwa kubva pakutsva, kukuvara kwemaziso, nyaya dzekufema, uye dzimwe njodzi dzinogona kuitika pahutano.
Kudzivirira Njodzi:
Welding mashandiro anowanzo sanganisira kushanda nemoto wakavhurika, tembiricha yepamusoro, uye magetsi emagetsi.Kuregeredza nzira dzokuzvidzivirira nadzo kunogona kukonzera tsaona, dzakadai semwoto, kuputika, kurohwa nemagetsi, uye kudonha.Kutevedzera nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakakodzera kunoderedza njodzi yetsaona uye kunogadzira nzvimbo yekushanda yakachengeteka.
Hutano uye Hupenyu:
Welding inogadzira utsi uye magasi anogona kuva muchetura kana akafemerwa.Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune izvi zvinhu kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema, zvirwere zvemapapu, uye zvimwe zvenguva refu nyaya dzehutano.Nekushandisa masisitimu ekufema zvakanaka uye nekushandisa kudzivirira kwekufema, mawelders anogona kuchengetedza hutano hwavo uye kugara zvakanaka.
Kutevedza Mitemo:
Hurumende nemasangano anodzora akagadza mitemo yekuchengetedza uye zviyero zvekushanda kwewelding.Kutevedzera iyi mirau haingodiwa zviri pamutemo chete asi zvakare inova nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yebasa inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza.Kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza kunobatsira kudzivirira njodzi, kuchengetedza vashandi, uye kudzivirira zvirango kana mhedzisiro yemutemo.
Kubudirira uye Kubudirira:
Matanho ekuchengetedza, akadai sekudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yakakodzera, inobatsira kune imwe nzvimbo inoshanda uye inobudirira yekushanda.Kana vashandi vakanzwa vakachengeteka uye vane chivimbo munzvimbo yavo, vanogona kutarisa pamabasa avo vasinganetseki nezvenjodzi dzinogona kuitika.Izvi zvinounza kuwedzera kubereka uye basa remhando yepamusoro.
Reputation and Trust:
Makambani anoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza mumabasa avo ekuwelda anoratidza kuzvipira kwavo kune kugara zvakanaka kwevashandi vavo.Kuzvipira uku kunovaka kuvimbana pakati pevashandi, vatengi, uye veruzhinji.Rekodhi yakanaka yekuchengetedza uye mukurumbira wekuisa pamberi pekuchengetedza inogona kukwezva vashandi vane hunyanzvi uye kuwedzera mufananidzo wekambani muindasitiri.
Kuchengeta Mutengo:
Kuisa mari mumatanho ekuchengetedza kungangoda mari yepamberi, asi zvinozotungamira mukuchengetwa kwemutengo mukufamba kwenguva.Kudzivirira tsaona nekukuvara kunoderedza mari dzekurapwa, zvikwereti zvemuripo wevashandi, uye zvikwereti zvepamutemo.Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo yekushanda yakachengeteka inoderedza kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo, nguva yekudzikira, uye kugadzirisa kunodhura.
Mukupedzisa, kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha muwelding kuchengetedza vashandi kubva kune njodzi dzinogona kuitika, kudzivirira tsaona, kuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka, kutevedzera mirau, kuwedzera chibereko, uye kuvaka mukurumbira wakanaka.Kuisa pamberi pekuchengetedza hakungochengetedzi kugara zvakanaka kwevacheri asi kunobatsirawo mukushanda kwakanyatsoita uye kwakabudirira.
Ndedzipi Dzakanyanya Njodzi muWelding?
Kune akati wandei njodzi huru dzine chekuita newelding idzo dzinofanirwa kucherechedzwa nemawelder uye kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira.Njodzi idzi dzinosanganisira:
Arc Flash:
Arc flash ndiyo imwe yenjodzi huru muwelding.Zvinoreva kuburitswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye mwenje unoitika panguva yewelding, kunyanya panguva yearc welding process senge shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) kana gasi simbi arc welding (GMAW).Inogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya paganda uye maziso kana kudzivirira kwakakodzera kusashandiswa.Mawelder anofanirwa kugara akapfeka ngowani yewelding ine yakakodzera auto-kusviba sefa kudzivirira kubva kune arc flash.
Zvikonzero zvekutanga zvearc flash muwelding ndezvi:
Kuratidzwa kune UV uye IR mwaranzi:
Welding arcs inoburitsa yakanyanya ultraviolet (UV) uye infrared (IR) mwaranzi.Mwaranzi yeUV inogona kukonzera kupisa kweganda kwakafanana nekupiswa nezuva, nepo IR mwaranzi inogona kuburitsa kupisa kunogona kukonzera kupisa.Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune aya radiation pasina kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya uye kukuvara kwenguva refu.
Chiedza chakanyanya uye kupisa:
Kupenya kwewelding arc kunogona kupofumadza uye kukonzeresa kusaona kwechinguvana kana kusingaperi kana maziso asina kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogadzirwa nearc kunogonawo kukonzera kupisa kuganda, kunyangwe kure kure nekushanda kwewelding.
Kuti udzivirire kubva kune arc flash njodzi, ma welders anofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Pfeka zvinodzivirira maziso zvakakodzera:
Ngowani yewelding ine mumvuri wakakodzera lens yakakosha kuchengetedza maziso kubva kuchiedza chakanyanya uye nemwaranzi inoburitswa panguva yewelding.Chiyero chemumvuri we lens chinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye amperage inoshandiswa.
Shandisa zvipfeko zvinodzivirira:
Mawelders anofanirwa kupfeka hanzu dzinodzivirira moto, sebhachi rewelding kana apron, kudzivirira ganda ravo kubva pamoto, simbi yakanyungudutswa, uye kupisa kunogadzirwa panguva yewelding.Maoko marefu, bhurugwa, neshangu dzakavharika dzinofanirwa kupfekwawo.
Shandisa ventilation yakakodzera:
Kufefetera kwakakwana kwakakosha kubvisa utsi hwewelding uye magasi munzvimbo yebasa.Kufefetedza kwakaringana kunobatsira kuderedza kuratidzwa kune zvinhu zvine chepfu uye kunoderedza njodzi yezvinetso zvekufema.
Tevera maitiro akachengeteka ekushanda:
Vagadziri vemoto vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo yebasa haina zvinhu zvinopisa uye kuti zviyero zvekudzivirira moto, zvakadai sezvidzimiso zvemoto, zvinowanikwa nyore nyore.Kutevera nzira dzakakwana dzewelding uye kuchengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka kubva kuarc kunogona kubatsirawo kuderedza njodzi yearc flash.
Gamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera:
MaWelders anofanirwa kudzidziswa nezve arc flash hazards, nzira dzekuchengetedza, uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira.Ivo vanofanirwa kuziva nezve emergency mhinduro mapuroteni kana paine arc flash chiitiko.
Nekunzwisisa njodzi dzine chekuita nearc flash uye nekushandisa matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza, ma welder anogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kune njodzi uye kuderedza mukana wekutsva kwakanyanya uye kukuvara kwemaziso.
Utsi uye Gasi:
Welding inoburitsa utsi hune chepfu nemagasi, akadai seozone, nitrogen oxides, uye utsi hwesimbi.Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune izvi zvinhu kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema, zvirwere zvemapapu, uye zvimwe zvehutano.MaWelders anofanirwa kuve neventilation yakakodzera munzvimbo yebasa kuti abvise izvi zvinosvibisa uye ashandise kudzivirira kwekufema, senge mafemero kana masks, sezvakakurudzirwa.Njodzi huru dzakabatana nehuturu hwehutsi uye magasi dzinosanganisira:
Matambudziko ekufema:
Kufuridzira utsi hwehutsi uye magasi zvinogona kutungamira kune dzakasiyana nyaya dzekufema, senge welding fume fever, bronchitis, asima, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu.Kugara kwenguva refu kune zvinhu izvi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu.
Metal fume fever:
Metal fume fever chirwere chinenge chefuruu chinokonzerwa nekufema utsi hwesimbi, kunyanya zinc oxide fumes.Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira fivha, kupindwa nechando, kutemwa nemusoro, kusvotwa, uye kurwadza kwetsandanyama.Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kwenguva pfupi, kudzokorora kuratidzwa kunogona kutungamirira kuhutano husingagumi.
Magasi ane chepfu:
Maitirwo ewelding anoburitsa magasi ane muchetura, akadai seozone, nitrogen oxides, kabhoni monoxide, uye akasiyana simbi oxides.Kufema magasi aya kunogona kukonzera kushatirwa kwekufema, dzungu, kusvotwa, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kufemereka kana kuti chepfu.
Carcinogenic zvinhu:
Utsi hwehumwe hunopisa hune zvinhu zvinokonzeresa, zvakaita sehexavalent chromium, nickel, uye cadmium.Kugara kwenguva refu kuzvinhu izvi kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuva nemapapu, huro, kana mamwe marudzi egomarara.
Kuti uderedze njodzi dzine chekuita nekupisa utsi uye magasi, mawelder anofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Iva nechokwadi chekufema zvakanaka:
Kufefetera kwakakwana kwakakosha kubvisa utsi hwewelding uye magasi munzvimbo yebasa.Masisitimu emhepo anobuditsa mumhepo, senge madonhwe eutsi kana mahoods, anofanirwa kushandiswa kubata nekubvisa utsi panobva.General ventilation, senge mafeni kana akavhurika magonhi/mahwindo, anogonawo kubatsira kuvandudza kutenderera kwemhepo.
Shandisa kudzivirira kwekufema:
Kana kufefetera kusina kukwana kana kuti pakushanda munzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa, mawelder anofanirwa kushandisa dziviriro yekufema yakafanira, senge zvinofemesa kana masks, kusefa utsi hunokuvadza nemagasi.Kusarudzwa kwemweya wekufema kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa pane chaiyo welding process uye mhando yezvinosvibisa zviripo.
Sarudza yakaderera-emission maitiro uye zvinhu:
Mamwe maitirwo emagetsi anoburitsa utsi hushoma uye magasi zvichienzaniswa nemamwe.Semuenzaniso, gasi simbi arc welding (GMAW) ine waya yakasimba inowanzoburitsa utsi hushoma pane flux-cored arc welding (FCAW).Kushandisa yakaderera-emission consumables uye zvinhu zvinogona zvakare kubatsira kuderedza kugadzirwa kwehutsi hunokachidza.
Chengetedza nzvimbo yebasa yakachena:
Gara uchichenesa nzvimbo yebasa kuti ubvise huruva yakaungana, marara, uye utsi.Kurasa tsvina kwakafanira kwezvinodyiwa, senge tambo dzewaya dzisina chinhu kana maelectrode akashandiswa, zvakakoshawo kudzivirira kuratidzwa kune zvinhu zvine njodzi.
Gamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera:
Welders vanofanira kugamuchira kudzidziswa pamusoro penjodzi dzine chokuita nehuturu hwehutsi uye magasi, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwakakodzera kweventilation systems uye kudzivirirwa kwekufema.Kunzwisisa njodzi uye kuita nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakudzivirira kubva kune idzi njodzi.
Nekuita aya matanho ekuchengetedza uye nekuziva njodzi dzine chekuita nekupisa utsi uye magasi, welders anogona kuchengetedza hutano hwavo hwekufema uye kuderedza njodzi yehutano hwenguva refu.
Electric Shock:
Kuvhundutsa kwemagetsi ndiyo imwe njodzi yakakosha muwelding.Welding inosanganisira mafungu emagetsi akakwira anogona kukonzera kuvhunduka kwemagetsi kana chenjedzo dzikasatorwa.Mawelders anofanirwa kudzivirira kubata mhenyu zvikamu zvemagetsi uye kuona kuti midziyo yewelding yakadzikwa zvakanaka.Kuongorora tambo dzekukuvara uye kudzivirira kusangana nenzvimbo dzakanyorova kana mvura nepo welding kwakakosha kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwemagetsi.Njodzi huru dzakabatana nekuvhunduka kwemagetsi muwelding dzinosanganisira:
Kupisa:
Kurohwa kwemagetsi kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya paganda uye nhengo dzemukati.Kupisa kunokonzerwa nemagetsi kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenyama uye kungada kurapwa.
Cardiac arrest:
Kuvhunduka kwemagetsi kunogona kukonzera kusungwa kwemoyo, inova emergency emergency inoda kutariswa nekukurumidza.Magetsi anogona kukanganisa rhythm yakajairika yemoyo, zvichikonzera kusungwa kwemoyo kamwe kamwe.
Kukuvara kwetsinga:
Kuvhunduka kwemagetsi kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwetsinga, izvo zvinogona kukonzera chiveve, kurira, kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa munzvimbo yakabatwa.Muzviitiko zvakanyanya, zvinogona kukonzera kuoma mitezo kana kurasikirwa kwekutonga kwemhasuru.
Kuti uderedze njodzi dzine chekuita nekuvhunduka kwemagetsi, ma welders anofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Shandisa grounding yakakodzera:
Midziyo yese yewelding inofanirwa kudzika pasi zvakanaka kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwemagetsi.Muchina wewelding, workpiece, uye welding tafura inofanirwa kubatana netambo yepasi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chero yarasika ikozvino inonangwa pasi zvakachengeteka.
Wongorora midziyo nguva nenguva:
Midziyo yewelding inofanirwa kugara ichiongororwa zviratidzo zvekusakara uye kubvaruka, setambo dzakapwanyika kana kukuvara kwekudzivirira.Midziyo yakakuvadzwa inofanirwa kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa nekukurumidza kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwemagetsi.
Shandisa midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera:
Mawelder anofanirwa kupfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira yakafanira, senge magirovhosi erabha nebhutsu, kuti azvidzivirire pakuvhundutswa nemagetsi.Magirovhosi nebhutsu zvinofanirwa kutariswa nguva nenguva pane chero zviratidzo zvekukuvara.
Dzivisa mamiriro ekunyorova:
Welding haifanirwe kuitwa munzvimbo dzakanyorova kana panzvimbo dzakanyorova.Mamiriro ekunyorova anowedzera njodzi yekuvhundutsa kwemagetsi, sezvo mvura iine conductor yakanaka yemagetsi.
Gamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera:
Welders vanofanira kugamuchira kudzidziswa pamusoro pengozi dzine chokuita nemagetsi emagetsi uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemichina yemagetsi.Kunzwisisa njodzi uye kushandisa matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakudzivirira kubva kune idzi njodzi.
Nokushandisa aya matanho ekuchengetedza uye nekuziva nezve njodzi dzinosangana nemagetsi kuvhunduka mu welding, welders vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva pangozi yekukuvara uye kuvimbisa nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda.
Moto uye Kuputika:
Moto uye kuputika injodzi dzakakura muwelding.Sparks uye simbi inopisa inogadzirwa panguva yewelding inogona kubatidza zvinhu zvinopfuta, zvichitungamira kumoto kana kuputika.Zvakakosha kuchenesa nzvimbo yebasa yechinhu chipi nechipi chinobvira uye kuva nematanho ekudzivirira moto munzvimbo, sezvidzimiso zvemoto uye zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira moto.Kuve newachi yemoto panguva uye mushure mewelding inokurudzirwa zvakare.Njodzi huru dzine chekuita nemoto uye kuputika muwelding dzinosanganisira:
Ignition yezvinhu zvinobvira moto:
Mhepo dzemoto uye kupisa zvinogona kubatidza zvinhu zvinopfuta, zvakaita sezvinonyungudutsa, oiri, uye magasi.Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumoto kana kuputika, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune pfuma uye kukuvara kwevashandi.
Hupfu inobvira:
Welding inogadzira huruva nemarara, ayo anogona kupiswa kana asanganiswa nemhepo.Kana ikabatidzwa, guruva rinobvira rinogona kukonzera moto kana kuputika, izvo zvinogona kunyanya kuva nengozi munzvimbo dzakavharirwa.
Kuwedzera oksijeni:
Welding maitiro anoshandisa okisijeni anogona kuwedzera kuwanda kweokisijeni mumhepo, izvo zvinogona kugadzira njodzi yemoto.Kuwedzera okisijeni kunogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvipise zviri nyore uye zvinogona kutungamira mukupararira kwemoto nekukurumidza.
Kuti uderedze njodzi dzine chekuita nemoto uye kuputika muwelding, ma welders anofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Chengetedza nzvimbo yebasa yakachena:
Gara uchichenesa nzvimbo yebasa kuti ubvise huruva yakaungana, marara, uye zvinhu zvinobvira moto.Kurasa tsvina kwakafanira kwezvinobatika, senge tambo dzewaya dzisina chinhu kana maelectrode akashandiswa, zvakakoshawo kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinobvira.
Shandisa mhepo yakanaka:
Kufefetera kwakakwana kwakakosha kubvisa utsi hwewelding uye magasi munzvimbo yebasa uye kudzivirira kuwanda kweguruva rinobvira.Masisitimu emhepo anobuditsa mumhepo, senge madonhwe eutsi kana mahoods, anofanirwa kushandiswa kubata nekubvisa utsi panobva.General ventilation, senge mafeni kana akavhurika magonhi/mahwindo, anogonawo kubatsira kuvandudza kutenderera kwemhepo.
Shandisa midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera:
Vacheri vanofanira kupfeka zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakakodzera, zvakadai sembatya dzisingatsvi, magirovhosi, uye bhutsu, kuti vazvidzivirire pangozi yemoto nokuputika.
Dzivisa welding pedyo nezvinhu zvinobvira moto:
Welding haifanirwe kuitwa pedyo nezvinhu zvinobvira moto, zvakaita sezvinonyungudutsa, oiri, uye magasi.Kana welding pedyo nezvinhu zvinopfuta ichidiwa, midziyo yakakodzera yekudzima moto, yakadai sezvokudzimisa moto, inofanira kuwanikwa nyore nyore.
Gamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera:
Welders vanofanira kugamuchira kudzidziswa pamusoro pengozi dzine chokuita nemoto uye kuputika mukushongedza uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemidziyo yekudzima moto.Kunzwisisa njodzi uye kushandisa matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakudzivirira kubva kune idzi njodzi.
Nokushandisa aya matanho ekuchengetedza uye nekuziva nezvenjodzi dzinosangana nemoto uye kuputika mu welding, welders vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva pangozi yekukuvara uye kuvimbisa nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda.
Kukuvara kweziso neganda:
Kukuvara kweziso neganda injodzi dzinowanzoitika mukunama.Welding inogadzira chiedza chakanyanya, kupisa, uye mwaranzi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwemaziso neganda kana zvisina kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana.Njodzi huru dzakabatana nekukuvara kweziso uye ganda muwelding dzinosanganisira:
Arc flash:
Arc flash inongoerekana yaburitswa yekupisa kwakanyanya uye mwenje unogona kuitika panguva yewelding.Inogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya kumaziso uye ganda uye inogona kukonzera kukanganisa zvachose kwemaziso.
Welding fumes:
Utsi hwehuputi hune zvinhu zvine chepfu, senge metal oxides uye magasi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema uye kutsamwa kweganda.Kugara kwenguva refu kuhuturu hwehutsi hunogona kutungamira kumamiriro ehutano asingaperi, akadai sekenza yemapapu uye fivha yesimbi.
Ultraviolet (UV) mwaranzi:
Welding inogadzira mwaranzi yeUV, inogona kukanganisa maziso neganda.Kugara kwenguva refu pamwaranzi yeUV kunogona kukonzera katarakiti, kenza yeganda, uye mamwe mamiriro eganda.
Kuti uderedze njodzi dzine chekuita nekukuvara kweziso uye ganda muwelding, ma welders anofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Shandisa midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera:
Vacheri vanofanira kupfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo yakafanira, yakadai sengowani dzesimbi dzine malenzi anodzima moto, magirazi ekudzivirira ane nhovo dzomumativi, uye zvipfeko zvisingatsvi nemoto, kuti vazvidzivirire panjodzi dzewelding.
Shandisa mhepo yakanaka:
Kufefetera kwakakwana kwakakosha kubvisa utsi hwewelding uye magasi munzvimbo yebasa uye kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu.Masisitimu emhepo anobuditsa mumhepo, senge madonhwe eutsi kana mahoods, anofanirwa kushandiswa kubata nekubvisa utsi panobva.
Shandisa nzira dzakakwana dzewelding:
Nzira dzakakodzera dzekushongedza, dzakadai sekuchengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka kubva kune arc uye kudzivisa kutarisa zvakananga paarc, zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekukuvara kwemaziso uye kweganda.
Gamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera:
MaWelders anofanirwa kudzidziswa nezve njodzi dzine chekuita nekukuvara kwemaziso uye ganda muwelding uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira.Kunzwisisa njodzi uye kushandisa matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakudzivirira kubva kune idzi njodzi.
Nekushandisa aya matanho ekuchengetedza uye nekuziva njodzi dzinosangana nekukuvara kweziso uye ganda muwelding, welders vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva panjodzi yekukuvara uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nzvimbo yekushanda.
Noise:
Noise injodzi huru mukunama.Welding inogadzira ruzha rwepamusoro, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwekunzwa kana isina kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana.Njodzi huru dzine chekuita neruzha muwelding dzinosanganisira:
Kurasika kwekunzwa:
Kuratidzwa kune ruzha rwepamusoro kunogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwekunzwa zvachose, sekurasikirwa nekunzwa kana tinnitus.Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kumazinga eruzha pamusoro pe85 decibels (dB) kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwekunzwa.
Matambudziko ekukurukurirana:
Ruzha rwakanyanya runogona kuita kuti zviomere vashandi kuti vataure zvinobudirira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusataurirana uye kuwedzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
Kuti uderedze njodzi dzine chekuita neruzha muwelding, mawelders anofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Shandisa zvakakodzera kudzivirira kunzwa:
Vacheri vanofanira kupfeka zvinodzivirira pakunzwa zvakakodzera, zvakadai sezvivhariso munzeve kana kuti zvinosunga nzeve, kuti vazvidzivirire panjodzi dzeruzha.Kudzivirirwa kwekunzwa kunofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichibva pane ruzha uye nguva yekuratidzwa.
Shandisa mhepo yakanaka:
Kufefetera kwakakwana kwakakosha kubvisa utsi hwewelding uye magasi munzvimbo yebasa uye kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu.Masisitimu emhepo anobuditsa mumhepo, senge madonhwe eutsi kana mahoods, anofanirwa kushandiswa kubata nekubvisa utsi panobva.Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza ruzha munzvimbo yebasa.
Shandisa nzira dzakakwana dzewelding:
Nzira dzakafanira dzewelding, dzakadai sekushandisa maketeni ekuchimbidza kana masikirini kuti ive neruzha, zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekuratidzwa kweruzha.
Gamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera:
Vagadziri vanofanira kuwana kudzidziswa pamusoro penjodzi dzine chokuita neruzha muwelding uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwekudzivirira kwekunzwa.Kunzwisisa njodzi uye kuita nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakudzivirira kubva kune idzi njodzi.
Nekushandisa aya matanho ekuchengetedza uye nekuziva nezve njodzi dzine chekuita neruzha muwelding, welders vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva panjodzi yekukuvadzwa kwekunzwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka.
Ergonomic Hazards:
Ergonomic hazards inoreva njodzi dzinogona kukonzera musculoskeletal kusagadzikana (MSDs) uye kumwe kukuvara kwemuviri mukupisa.Welding kazhinji inosanganisira kushanda munzvimbo dzisina kunaka, kudzokorora mafambiro, uye kusimudza zvinorema.Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kutungamira mukukuvadzwa kwemusculoskeletal, senge strains, sprains, uye matambudziko kumashure.Njodzi huru dzakabatana ne ergonomic nyaya muwelding dzinosanganisira:
Awkward postures:
Welding kazhinji inoda kuti vashandi vachengetedze zvimiro zvenguva refu, sekukotama, kusvika, kana kumonyoroka.Izvi zvinzvimbo zvinogona kushungurudza mhasuru nemajoini, zvichitungamira mukusagadzikana uye kukuvara kunogona kuitika.
Dzokorora mafambiro:
Mabasa ekuwelda anowanzo sanganisira kudzokorora mafambiro, senge welding bead kana kugaya.Kudzokorora kufamba kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya, senge tendonitis kana carpal tunnel syndrome.
Kusimudza kunorema:
Midziyo yewelding uye zvinhu zvinogona kurema, zvinoda kuti vashandi vagare vachisimudza, kutakura, kana kusunda/kudhonza mabasa.Maitiro ekusimudza asina kunaka kana mitoro yakawandisa inogona kushungurudza musana uye kutungamirira kukukuvara kwemashure.
Vibration kuratidzwa:
Maturusi emagetsi, akadai semagiya kana sando dzekuchekesa, anogona kuburitsa mavhitaminzi anogona kutapurirwa mumaoko nemaoko.Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kwekudengenyeka kunogona kukonzera hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) uye mamwe matambudziko ane hukama.
Kuti uderedze njodzi dzine chekuita neergonomic nyaya muwelding, welders vanofanirwa kutora matanho anotevera:
Chengetedza kwakakodzera muviri mechanics:
Vashandi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa nzira dzakakwana dzekusimudza uye ma mechanics emuviri kudzivirira kunetsa kusingakoshi pamhasuru nemajoini.Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa makumbo kusimudza, kuchengetedza musana wakatwasuka, uye kudzivisa kumonyorora kufamba.
Shandisa ergonomic midziyo:
Welders anofanirwa kushandisa ergonomic midziyo, senge inogadziriswa nzvimbo dzekushanda, welding manipulators, kana ergonomic welding torch, kuderedza kunetsa pamuviri uye kukurudzira kumira kwakakodzera.
Tora zororo nguva nenguva:
Kakawanda kutyora panguva yebasa rewelding kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekukuvara zvakanyanya.Kutambanudza maekisesaizi kana kushandura nzvimbo panguva yekuzorora kunogonawo kubatsira kuderedza kuneta kwetsandanyama uye kukurudzira kutenderera kweropa.
Shandisa zvishandiso zvinobatsira:
MaWelders anofanirwa kushandisa zvishandiso zvekubatsira, senge zvekusimudza zvekusimudza kana ergonomic maturusi, kudzikisa kushushikana kwemuviri kunoenderana nekusimudza zvinorema kana kudzokorora mabasa.
Gadzira nzvimbo yekushanda ergonomically:
Iyo welding workstation inofanirwa kugadzirwa kukurudzira kumira kwakaringana uye kuderedza kunetsa.Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirisa kureba kwenzvimbo dzebasa, kupa anti-kuneta mateti, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvhenekera kwakakwana.
Nokushandisa aya matanho ekuchengetedza uye nekuziva nezve njodzi dzinosangana ne ergonomic nyaya muwelding, welders vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva panjodzi yekusagadzikana kwemisuloskeletal uye kumwe kukuvadzwa kwemuviri, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye hutano nharaunda yekushanda.
Essential Welding Safety Equipment
Welding ibasa rine ngozi rinoda kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza yakakodzera kuchengetedza welder nevamwe vari munzvimbo.Izvi zvinotevera zvakakosha welding kuchengetedza michina:
Welding helmet:
Ngowani yemoto ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemidziyo yekuchengetedza kune welder.Inodzivirira chiso, maziso, uye mutsipa zveanopisa kubva pachiedza chakanyanya, kupisa, uye mwaranzi inogadzirwa panguva yewelding.Welding helmets dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa nemumvuri lens yakakodzera kune iyo welding process iri kuitwa.
Welding magirovhosi:
Welding magirovhosi anodzivirira maoko eanowelda kubva pakupisa, pfarivari, uye nesimbi yakanyunguduka inogadzirwa panguva yewelding.Dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto uye dzinopa hunyanzvi hwakakwana hwebasa rewelding.
Welding jacket:
Bhachi rewelding rinopa dziviriro kumuviri wepamusoro kubva kupfava, kupisa, uye nemwaranzi inogadzirwa panguva yewelding.Inofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto uye kuvhara maoko, torso, uye mutsipa.
Welding bhutsu:
Bhutsu dzewelding dzinodzivirira tsoka dzeanopisa kubva pachirimo, kupisa, uye zvinhu zvinodonha.Dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba, zvinodzivirira moto uye zvinopa kukweva kwakanaka kudzivirira kutsvedza nekudonha.
Mudzimu:
Welding inogadzira utsi uye magasi anogona kukuvadza kana akafemerwa.Mushonga wekufema unofanirwa kupfekwa kudzivirira welder kubva pakufema mune izvi zvinokuvadza zvinhu.Rudzi rwekufemetera runodiwa runobva pane welding process uye rudzi rwehutsi hunogadzirwa.
Magirazi ekuchengetedza:
Magirazi ekuchengetedza anodzivirira maziso eanopisa kubva pamarara anobhururuka uye pfarivari.Iwo anofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingapindire uye anopa kuchengetedzwa kweparutivi.
Zvivhariso munzeve kana zvekuvharisa nzeve:
Welding inoburitsa ruzha rwakanyanya runogona kukanganisa kunzwa kweanopisa.Zvivhariso zvenzeve kana zvinosunga nzeve zvinofanira kupfekwa kudzivirira kukuvara kwekunzwa.
Mudziyo Wekudzimisa moto:
Chodzimisa moto chinofanira kuwanikwa zviri nyore kana moto ukabvira.Rudzi rwemoto unodzimisa moto unodiwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemoto unogona kuitika.
Nekushandisa yakakodzera welding kuchengetedza midziyo, welders vanogona kuzvidzivirira ivo nevamwe vari munharaunda kubva kune njodzi dzine chekuita newelding.Izvo zvakakosha kushandisa ese midziyo yataurwa pamusoro kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nzvimbo yekushanda.
Kuchengeta Nzvimbo Yebasa Yakachengeteka
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza panguva yewelding, zvakakosha kuchengetedza zvinotevera midziyo iripo:
Mudziyo Wekudzimisa moto:
Iva nechidzimisa moto padhuze kana paine chero njodzi yemoto.Iva nechokwadi chokuti chokudzimisa chakakodzera kudzima moto unosanganisira zvinhu zvinobvira, zvakadai semoto weClass C (moto wemagetsi) uye moto weClass D (moto unosanganisira simbi dzinobvira).
First Aid Kit:
Chengetedza bheti rekutanga rekubatsira rakachengetwa riri pedyo kuti ubate chero kukuvara kudiki kunogona kuitika panguva yewelding.Kiti yacho inofanirwa kunge iine zvinhu zvakaita semabhandeji, mushonga unouraya utachiona, gel rekupisa, magirovhosi, uye chigero.
Magirazi ekuchengetedza:
Kunze kwekupfeka ngowani yesimbi, magirazi ekuchengetedza maziso anogona kuwedzera dziviriro yemaziso kubva pamarara ari kubhururuka kana kuti pfarivari dzinogona kupfuura ngowani.Chengeta magirazi ekuchengetedza ari nyore kupfeka kana zvichidikanwa.
Welding magumbeze kana maketeni:
Welding magumbeze kana maketeni anoshandiswa kudzivirira zvinhu zviri pedyo zvinopfuta kubva kupfarivari uye spatter.Chengetedza zvinhu izvi padyo kudzivirira nzvimbo yakapoteredza uye kudzivirira moto wetsaona.
Welding skrini:
Welding screens anoshandiswa kugadzira chipingamupinyi pakati penzvimbo yewelding nevamwe vashandi kana vanopfuura.Vanodzivirira vamwe kubva pakukuvadza kwechiedza chewelding, mwaranzi, uye pfarivari.Chengetedza sikirini yewelding padhuze kuti umise nzvimbo yebasa yakachengeteka.
Welding pliers kana simbi:
Welding pliers kana ma clamps maturusi anoshanda ekubata simbi inopisa, kubvisa slag, kana kubata maworkpiece zvakachengeteka.Chengetedza midziyo iyi padyo kudzivirira kushandisa maoko asina kana kuisa njodzi yekutsva.
Zvidziviriro zvemunhu (PPE):
Pamusoro peheti yekubatira, magurovhosi, uye bhachi, ita shuwa kuti une yakasara PPE iripo.Izvi zvinosanganisira mamwe magurovhosi, magirazi ekuchengetedza, zvivhariso munzeve kana munzeve, uye chero imwe PPE yakanangana neiyo welding process iri kuitwa.
Kufefetedza zvakanaka:
Kufefetera kwakakwana kwakakosha kubvisa utsi hwewelding uye magasi munzvimbo yebasa.Ita shuwa kuti masisitimu ekufemesa, senge mafeni ekupedza kana madhiri ehutsi, aripo uye anoshanda nemazvo.
Nekuchengetedza zvinhu izvi zvekuchengetedza zvinhu zviri nyore, ma welders anogona kukurumidza kuzviwana pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, kuve nechokwadi chenzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda uye kuderedza njodzi yetsaona kana kukuvara panguva yekushanda kwewelding.
Mhedziso:
Zvakakosha kuti mawelder azive njodzi idzi uye aite matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza, kusanganisira kupfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo, kutevera maitiro ekushanda akachengeteka, uye kugamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakwana, kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita newelding.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-03-2023